IR Management

The IR (Impulse Response) Management window provides comprehensive tools for obtaining, processing, and managing impulse responses for each driver or measurement position in your system.

Accessing IR Management

Loudspeaker Design Mode:

• To open: Driver → Manage IR
• Purpose: Import, capture, and process driver impulse responses at multiple angles

Room Calibration Mode:

• To open: Measurements → Manage IR
• Purpose: Capture IR at a given in room position

Driver/Measurement Name

Manually enter a descriptive name for the impulse response.

• Label: “Driver Name” (Loudspeaker Design) or “Measurement Name” (Room Calibration)
• Purpose: Identify IRs in project and exports
• Persistence: Names are saved with the project
• Optional: Empty names default to “Driver X” or “Measurement X”
• Best practice: Use descriptive names like “Woofer_Left”, “Tweeter_RefXYZ”, “Position_Center”

Off-Axis Measurements 🔒

Available in: Loudspeaker Design mode only
License required: Valid LinFIR license needed for off-axis measurements

Overview

Off-axis measurements enable directivity analysis by capturing impulse responses at different horizontal and vertical angles. These measurements are essential for understanding speaker radiation patterns and optimizing crossover design for consistent off-axis response.

Measurement Organization

Measurements are displayed in two columns:

• Horizontal column: Measurements with vertical angle = 0°, varying horizontal angle

  • Example: -90°, -60°, -30°, 0°, +30°, +60°, +90°

• Vertical column: Measurements with horizontal angle = 0°, varying vertical angle

  • Example: -60°, -40°, -20°, 0°, +20°, +40°, +60°

On-axis reference: The (0°, 0°) measurement appears in both columns.

Axis Selection

Before importing or capturing an off-axis measurement, select the measurement axis:

• Horizontal button: Measurements along horizontal axis (left/right)
• Vertical button: Measurements along vertical axis (up/down)

The selected axis determines whether the angle applies to horizontal or vertical position.

Measurement Angle

Field: “Measurement angle”
Range: -180° to +180°
Indicates: Angle for next import or capture operation

How it works:

• If Horizontal axis selected: angle applies to horizontal position (vertical = 0°)
• If Vertical axis selected: angle applies to vertical position (horizontal = 0°)
• The field shows which axis is active: “(horizontal)” or “(vertical)”

Restrictions:

• Disabled until on-axis (0°, 0°) measurement exists
• Requires valid LinFIR license
• Must import on-axis measurement first before adding off-axis angles

Per-Measurement Actions

Each measurement in the table has two action buttons:

Export Button (⬇)

Click to export this specific measurement:

1. Opens export format dialog
2. Choose WAV or TXT format
3. Option to include distortion metadata
4. File is saved with angle suffix (e.g., Driver1_H30.wav, Driver1_V-15.wav)

Delete Button (❌)

Remove a measurement from the driver:

• Off-axis measurements: Can be deleted freely
• On-axis (0°, 0°) measurement: Can only be deleted if all off-axis measurements are removed first
  • This restriction exists because the on-axis measurement serves as the reference for all filter calculations

Tooltip guidance:

• Enabled: “Delete measurement”
• Disabled: “Delete all off-axis measurements first”

Symmetry Tool

Button: ⚖ Symmetry
Location: Below each column
Purpose: Automatically duplicate measurements to opposite angles

How it works:

• Horizontal Symmetry: If you have +30°, creates -30° by mirroring the measurement
• Vertical Symmetry: If you have +20°, creates -20° by mirroring the measurement

Use case: Save measurement time by capturing one side and mirroring to the other side, assuming the speaker has symmetric radiation.

Workflow for Off-Axis Measurements

1. Import or capture on-axis measurement (0°, 0°) first
2. Select axis (Horizontal or Vertical)
3. Set measurement angle (e.g., +30°)
4. Import file or capture measurement
5. Repeat for additional angles
6. Use Symmetry tool to fill opposite angles (optional)
7. Analyze directivity patterns in main application graphs

Import from File

Load impulse responses from external files.

Supported Formats

WAV Files

• Channels: Mono or stereo (left channel used for stereo files)
• Bit depth: 16-bit, 24-bit, or 32-bit PCM
• Automatic resampling: File is resampled to match project sample rate
• Truncation: Files are truncated to remove trailing noise

With distortion metadata:

• If WAV contains custom ‘dist’ chunk (exported from LinFIR with “Include dist.” option)
• Enables THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) computation

Without distortion metadata:

• Standard WAV import
• Only practical/cropped IR available
• THD computation not available

TXT Files

Text files are automatically detected and can contain either:

1. Impulse Response Samples

• One sample value per line or space/comma-separated
• Supports optional metadata in comment lines (lines starting with #):
  • fs=<value>: Sample rate in Hz
  • dist=1: Indicates distortion metadata is present
  • ess_start_hz=<value>: Exponential sine sweep start frequency
  • ess_end_hz=<value>: Exponential sine sweep end frequency
  • ess_duration_s=<value>: Sweep duration in seconds
  • raw_length=<value>: Length of the practical IR (before distortion data)

With metadata (e.g., exported from LinFIR):

• Sample rate is automatically detected
• Distortion data preserved for THD analysis
• Direct import without user intervention

Without metadata:

• User prompted to enter sample rate
• Imported as standard impulse response

2. FRD Format Data

• Automatically detected if file contains FRD-formatted data (3 columns: frequency, magnitude, phase)
• Processed identically to .frd files (see FRD Files section below)

FRD Files

Frequency response data files (commonly exported by REW, VituixCAD, or provided by manufacturers).

Format:

• 3 columns per line: Frequency (Hz), Magnitude (dB), Phase (degrees)
• Text-based, space or tab delimited
• Can use either .frd extension or .txt extension

Processing:

• Automatic interpolation to required frequency points using PCHIP (Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial)
• Configurable magnitude extrapolation for DC and high-frequency regions
• Phase handling with group delay compensation

Extrapolation Modes:

When importing FRD files, LinFIR opens the FRD to IR Converter window with the following extrapolation controls:

• DC Extrapolation: Controls how magnitude is extended below the lowest measured frequency

  • Constant: Flat extrapolation (holds the lowest measured value)
  • Roll-off: Applies a 12 dB/octave high-pass roll-off for realistic loudspeaker behavior
  • Default: Roll-off

• High Frequency Extrapolation: Controls how magnitude is extended above the highest measured frequency toward Nyquist

  • Constant: Flat extrapolation (holds the highest measured value)
  • Roll-off: Applies a 12 dB/octave low-pass roll-off, automatically compensates for upward slopes
  • Default: Constant

Benefits of Roll-off mode:

• More realistic impulse responses from incomplete FRD data
• DC roll-off mimics natural loudspeaker low-frequency limitations
• HF roll-off prevents artifacts from measurements that don’t extend to Nyquist
• Adaptive: compensates for incorrect slope trends in measured data

Important notes:

• FRD files are sparse (often logarithmically spaced frequency points)
• Requires complex interpolation, potentially introducing artifacts
• Generally do not contain the time of flight required to properly time align drivers
• Recommendation: Prefer importing impulse responses (WAV) whenever possible

Impulse Response Timing Requirements

Peak delay limit: LinFIR rejects impulse responses where the main peak is located more than 200 ms after the start of the file.

Why this limit exists:

LinFIR performs extensive signal processing operations—FFT transformations, convolutions, resampling, and real-time filter preview—that must remain responsive. These operations scale with impulse response length, and excessive zero padding before the actual signal significantly impacts performance without adding useful information.

Physical context:

A 200 ms delay corresponds to approximately 68 meters of acoustic travel distance. In practical loudspeaker measurement and room calibration scenarios, such excessive delays indicate that no timing reference method was used during capture (loopback trigger, electrical reference, or pre-alignment in the measurement software).

Impact on workflow:

Without proper timing reference, relative time alignment between drivers becomes unreliable, as the arbitrary delays vary unpredictably between measurements. This compromises crossover phase coherence and summation accuracy—core functions of LinFIR.

Best practice:

When capturing impulse responses, use measurement software that provides:

• Loopback triggering (audio interface output → input reference)
• Electrical reference triggering (synchronized start)
• Pre-alignment features that position the IR peak near the beginning of the recording

These methods ensure minimal file length while preserving the precise time-of-flight information needed for accurate driver alignment and filter design.

If your measurement contains a valid signal buried in initial silence, pre-process the file to remove leading zeros before importing into LinFIR.

Import Workflow

1. Click “📁 Import” button
2. Select WAV, TXT or FRD file
3. File is automatically detected and processed:
   • WAV: Resampled to project sample rate, metadata extracted
   • TXT (impulse samples): Either auto-imported (with metadata) or user prompted for sample rate
   • TXT/FRD (frequency data): Opens FRD to IR Converter window
4. IR appears in impulse response graph
5. Manually enter IR name in text field
6. Apply windowing if necessary (see Time Windowing section)

Special case for FRD files: When importing .frd or FRD-formatted .txt files, the FRD to IR Converter window opens automatically. See the dedicated section below for details.

⚠️ Display Mode Check: If the imported impulse response does not appear in the graphs, verify that Drivers/Measurements display mode is selected in the graph toolbar (not FIR, IIR, or FIR+IIR modes which only show filter responses). The graph title and legend clearly indicate which mode is active.

FRD to IR Converter

When importing FRD files, LinFIR opens a dedicated conversion window with advanced tools for interpolation, visualization, and quality assessment.

Overview

The FRD to IR Converter transforms sparse frequency-domain data into time-domain impulse responses using sophisticated interpolation and extrapolation techniques. It provides real-time visualization and quality metrics to help you assess the conversion quality.

Conversion Parameters

Sample Rate

Options: 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz, 176.4 kHz, 192 kHz
Default: 96 kHz

Target sampling frequency for the resulting impulse response.

Considerations:

• Higher sample rates provide better frequency resolution
• Must match or exceed your project’s sample rate
• FRD data is interpolated to fill all frequency bins from DC up to Nyquist

Delay Compensation

Range: 0.0 to 100.0 ms
Default: 5.0 ms

Time offset applied to the impulse response to allow for pre-ringing visualization and processing.

Purpose:

• Provides time buffer before the main impulse
• Essential when FRD data contains non-minimum phase characteristics
• Allows visualization of pre-ringing artifacts

Warning indicator: If pre-ringing duration exceeds the delay setting, a warning appears suggesting either:

• Increase delay to accommodate pre-ringing
• Enable Minimum Phase transformation

Minimum Phase Transformation

Default: Disabled

Applies Hilbert transform to convert the impulse response to minimum phase, eliminating all pre-ringing.

When to use:

• FRD data shows significant pre-ringing (> 5% energy before peak)
• Phase data is corrupted, smoothed, or contains wrapping errors
• You need a causal, physically realizable impulse response
• Time-domain alignment is critical

Effects:

• Removes all energy before the main peak
• Preserves magnitude response
• Changes phase response to minimum phase equivalent
• Results in a causal system (no pre-ringing)

Note: Pre-ringing in FRD-derived impulses is often an artifact of measurement or file creation, not a physical characteristic of the device.

DC Extrapolation

Modes: Constant, Roll-off
Default: Roll-off

Controls how magnitude is extended below the lowest measured frequency toward DC (0 Hz).

Constant mode:

• Flat extrapolation using the lowest measured value
• Use when FRD data already reaches very low frequencies

Roll-off mode (recommended):

• Applies 12 dB/octave high-pass characteristic
• Mimics natural loudspeaker low-frequency roll-off
• More physically realistic for incomplete low-frequency data

High Frequency Extrapolation

Modes: Constant, Roll-off
Default: Constant

Controls how magnitude is extended above the highest measured frequency toward Nyquist.

Constant mode (recommended):

• Flat extrapolation using the highest measured value
• Maintains adequate signal level to Nyquist
• Minimizes noise amplification

Roll-off mode:

• Applies 12 dB/octave low-pass characteristic
• Automatically compensates for upward slope trends
• Use when FRD data shows unrealistic high-frequency behavior

Display Parameters

These parameters control visualization only and do not affect the conversion.

IR Start / Stop Time

Range: 0.0 ms to impulse duration
Purpose: Zoom into specific time region of the impulse response graph

Useful for examining:

• Pre-ringing characteristics
• Main peak detail

Frequency Min / Max

Range: 1 Hz to 48000 Hz
Purpose: Set frequency range for magnitude and phase graphs

Allows focusing on:

• Specific frequency bands of interest
• Problem areas in the response
• Comparison between original and interpolated data

Wrap Phase

Default: Disabled

Toggles between wrapped (-180° to +180°) and unwrapped phase display.

Wrapped:

• Phase limited to -180° to +180° range
• Shows discontinuities at ±180° boundaries
• Familiar format for some users

Unwrapped:

• Continuous phase (can exceed ±180°)
• Shows true phase accumulation
• Better for assessing group delay trends

Remove Delay Phase

Default: Disabled

Removes the linear phase component corresponding to the delay setting.

When enabled:

• Subtracts linear phase = -360° × f × delay
• Reveals underlying phase structure
• Useful for comparing final phase response with the original one

Data Quality Assessment

The converter displays comprehensive quality metrics to help you evaluate the FRD data.

Coverage Metric

Format: “X / Y frequency points (Z% coverage)”

• X: Number of frequency points in FRD file (within 0 Hz to Nyquist)
• Y: Expected number of points for complete FFT coverage
• Z: Coverage percentage = (X / Y) × 100

Quality indicators:

• ✅ Good (≥ 50%): Green - Sufficient data density
• ⚠️ Moderate (20-50%): Yellow - Acceptable but sparse
• ❌ Low (< 20%): Red - Very sparse, heavy interpolation required

FFT bin calculation: Based on sample rate and FFT size (4× next power of 2)

Info Button - Detailed Diagnostics

Click the ℹ Info button to open the Data Quality Information window with detailed analysis.

Missing DC (0 Hz):

• Impact: Low-frequency extrapolation required
• Consequence: Uncertainty in bass response below lowest measured frequency
• Solution: Use Roll-off extrapolation for DC

Missing Nyquist Data:

• Impact: High-frequency extrapolation required
• Consequence: Uncertainty in high-frequency response
• Recommended: FRD should extend to at least Nyquist frequency

Sparse Frequency Data:

• Threshold: < 50% coverage
• Impact: Heavy interpolation between measured points
• Risk: Artifacts from PCHIP interpolation of widely-spaced points
• Note: Shows exact percentage of missing data points

Pre-ringing Detection:

Analyzed automatically after conversion. Three severity levels:

• Minor (0.1% - 0.5% energy before peak):

  • Blue indicator
  • May indicate slight phase smoothing or measurement artifacts
  • Usually acceptable for most applications

• Moderate (0.5% - 1.0% energy before peak):

  • Yellow/Orange warning
  • Phase data likely smoothed or contains wrapping errors
  • Consider minimum phase transformation

• Significant (≥ 1.0% energy before peak):

  • Red warning
  • Severe phase corruption or non-physical characteristics
  • Strongly recommended: Enable Minimum Phase transformation
  • Will affect transient response and phase correction accuracy

Pre-ring duration: Time span from first significant energy to main peak

Physical interpretation: Real loudspeakers cannot produce energy before the stimulus arrives. Pre-ringing in FRD files indicates:

• Phase data smoothing in measurement software
• Phase wrapping/unwrapping errors
• File export artifacts
• Non-minimum phase processing applied to data

Impact Warnings

The Data Quality Information window provides context on how issues affect the conversion:

Missing Data Effects:

• Artifacts in reconstructed impulse response
• Estimated information through interpolation/extrapolation
• Final impulse may not fully represent original system

Best Practices for FRD Files:

• Include DC (0 Hz) measurement point
• Extend data to at least Nyquist frequency
• Aim for > 50% frequency coverage
• Prefer linear frequency spacing over logarithmic
• Avoid phase smoothing in export settings

Time-Domain Preference:

The converter emphasizes: When possible, import impulse responses (WAV files) instead of FRD.

Advantages of time-domain data:

• No interpolation artifacts
• Preserves time-of-flight information (with proper timing reference)
• Essential for proper driver alignment in crossover design
• Natural representation of system behavior

FRD limitations for crossover design:

• Often lacks time-of-flight data
• Driver motors may not be coplanar
• Diaphragm geometry affects acoustic center
• Horn loading adds group delay
• Relative delays between drivers are essential

Visualization Graphs

The converter displays three synchronized graphs:

1. FRD Data (Original + Interpolated):

• Left: Magnitude response
• Right: Phase response
• Red curve: Original FRD measurements
• Dashed blue curve: PCHIP interpolated curve

2. Impulse Response:

• Reconstructed time-domain impulse
• Zoom using IR Start/Stop controls
• Shows pre-ringing and overall IR structure

3. Reconstructed Frequency Response:

• Left: Magnitude computed from impulse via FFT
• Right: Phase computed from impulse via FFT
• Validation: Should closely match interpolated FRD (with Remove Delay Phase button enabled)
• Differences indicate reconstruction issues

Workflow

1. Import FRD file - Converter window opens automatically
2. Review quality metrics - Check coverage and warnings
3. Adjust extrapolation - Set DC and HF modes as needed
4. Set sample rate - Match or exceed project sample rate
5. Configure delay - Ensure adequate pre-ringing buffer
6. Enable minimum phase - If pre-ringing > 1% or phase corrupted
7. Inspect graphs - Verify interpolation and reconstruction quality
8. Click “Use This Impulse Response” - Apply to selected measurement angle

The converted impulse is automatically stored in the driver’s measurement at the specified horizontal/vertical angle.

Time Windowing

Isolate the direct sound from an impulse response and exclude reflections or noise.

Parameters

Start Time

Beginning of the time window in milliseconds.

• Purpose: Remove pre-ringing or early noise
• Typical: 0.0 to 5.0 ms before main peak
• Effect: Sets the beginning of the extracted portion

Stop Time

End of the time window in milliseconds.

• Purpose: Exclude late reflections or room decay
• Typical: 5.0 to 100.0 ms after main peak
• Effect: Sets the end of the extracted portion

Duration Display

Wndow duration (Stop Time - Start Time).

Windowing Purpose

• Anechoic approximation: Simulate anechoic conditions from room measurements
• Reflection gating: Remove floor, ceiling, and wall reflections
• Crossover and correction design: Essential for accurate filter design using measured data
• Clean response: Isolate direct driver response

Window Function

LinFIR uses a Tukey window (tapered cosine/raised cosine) for smooth fade-in and fade-out transitions:

• Taper duration: 0.25 ms
• Function: \(w(t) = 0.5 \times (1 + \cos(\frac{2\pi t}{\alpha}))\) where \(t\) is the normalized position (0 to 1) within the taper region and \(\alpha = 0.25\) is the taper fraction
• Characteristics:
  • Smooth cosine-shaped fade-in at window start
  • Rectangular (flat = 1.0) in the middle
  • Smooth cosine-shaped fade-out at window stop
• Purpose: Avoid spectral artifacts from sharp discontinuities

The Tukey window provides excellent time localization while preventing high-frequency ringing caused by abrupt truncation.

Preview

The impulse response graph shows the windowed result in real-time as you adjust start and stop times. The window boundaries are visually indicated.

Adaptive Window

Advanced frequency-dependent windowing that preserves low-frequency response while gating high-frequency reflections.

How It Works

When enabled, LinFIR applies different window lengths for different frequency bands:

1. Signal splitting: Divides into 10 frequency bands (20 Hz to 15 kHz, logarithmically spaced)
2. Band filtering: Each band filtered with Kaiser-windowed FIR filters
3. Adaptive windowing:
   • Lower frequencies: Longer windows (extra time = 1000/frequency_Hz milliseconds)
   • Higher frequencies: Standard window boundaries
4. Recombination: All bands summed with smooth transitions preserving phase coherence

Benefits

• Preserves bass response: Low frequencies need more time to settle
• Avoids bass roll-off: Short windows naturally attenuate bass
• Frequency-aware gating: Different decay times for different frequencies

When to Use

Use Adaptive Window when:

• Gating reflections but need to preserve bass
• Using short measurement windows where bass would be compromised
• Simple windowing causes unnatural bass attenuation

Don’t use Adaptive Window when:

• Working with anechoic or quasi-anechoic measurements (simple window is cleaner)
• You have sufficient window length for all frequencies

Enabling

Check the “Adaptive Window” checkbox in the IR Windowing section.

Delay Compensation

Shift the impulse response earlier in time without truncating data.

How It Works

• Non-destructive: IR data remains intact in memory
• Display offset: Delay applied as metadata for display and calculations
• Purpose: Bring acoustic peak closer to time zero to flatten the phase

Auto Detect Delay

Click “Auto Detect Delay” to automatically detect and apply optimal delay compensation across all drivers:

Behavior:

1. Detects the peak position for each driver (based on on-axis measurements)
2. Finds the minimum detected delay across all drivers
3. Applies this minimum delay to all drivers simultaneously

Advantages:

• Preserves temporal alignment: All drivers maintain their relative timing relationships
• Removes common delay: Eliminates the shared propagation delay from all measurements
• Prevents errors: Ensures consistent delay compensation across all drivers automatically

Detection Method:

• Locates the position of the main peak in the impulse response
• Uses on-axis measurement (0°, 0°) as reference for each driver
• Aligns all driver peaks precisely at time zero

Manual Adjustment

Manually enter delay value in milliseconds to fine-tune alignment for individual drivers.

⚠️ Apply the same delay compensation to all drivers: When designing crossovers you should apply the same delay compensation to all the drivers in order to keep the time coherence. Use different compensation delays only to compensate for microphone position variations accross measurements.

Measurement Notes

Section: Collapsible header (default closed)
Purpose: Document measurement conditions and hardware setup

Overview

The Measurement Notes field provides a space to record important information about your measurement setup, hardware configuration, environmental conditions, and any other relevant details.

Features

• Multi-line text editor: Supports up to 1000 characters
• Auto-save: Notes are saved with the project
• Hint text: Helpful placeholder text suggests what information to include
• Character counter: Live display of character count (e.g., “127/1000 characters”)

What to Document

Hardware configuration:

• Microphone model and serial number
• Audio interface model and settings
• Amplifier configuration
• Cable connections and routing

Measurement conditions:

• Date and time of measurement
• Room conditions (temperature, humidity if relevant)
• Microphone position and distance
• Driver orientation and mounting

Reference information:

• Calibration file version used
• Sample rate and sweep settings
• Any unusual conditions or observations
• Version of measurements for tracking

Example Notes

Microphone: UMIK-1 (S/N: 123456) with cal file v2.3
Interface: Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 (48kHz, 512 buffer)
Distance: 1m on-axis, driver mounted in baffle
Room: Semi-anechoic (windows gated at 10ms)
Date: 2025-12-14
Notes: First measurement after driver break-in period

Best Practices

• Be specific: Include model numbers and serial numbers when relevant
• Date your measurements: Track when measurements were taken
• Note calibration: Record which calibration file was used
• Document changes: If re-measuring, note what changed
• Reference conditions: Record anything that might affect comparisons

Exporting Impulse Responses

Impulse responses can be exported in WAV or TXT format directly from the measurement table.

Export Process

For each measurement (horizontal and vertical angles):

1. Click the ⬇ (Export) button next to the measurement angle
2. Export dialog appears with format options
3. Choose export format and options
4. File is saved with automatic angle suffix

File naming:

• On-axis (0°, 0°): DriverName.wav or DriverName.txt
• Horizontal: DriverName_H30.wav (for +30° horizontal)
• Vertical: DriverName_V-15.wav (for -15° vertical)

Export Format Options

When you click the export button, a dialog presents two format options:

WAV Format

File format:

• Channels: Mono
• Bit depth: 32-bit PCM float
• Sample rate: Project sample rate

Include Distortion Metadata option:

When checked:

• Exports full deconvolved IR plus custom ‘dist’ metadata chunk
• File name automatically gets _dist.wav suffix
• Enables THD computation when re-imported into LinFIR
• Contains sweep parameters: start frequency, end frequency, duration

When unchecked:

• Exports only the active (cropped/windowed) working IR
• Standard WAV file without metadata
• Cannot be used for THD computation upon re-import

TXT Format

File format:

• One coefficient per line
• Scientific notation
• Intended for external tools (e.g., Hypex Filter Design)

Include Distortion option:

When unchecked (default):

• Exports cropped/windowed IR

When checked:

• Exports full IR instead of cropped version
• TXT export button is disabled (metadata cannot be stored in TXT format)

THD Availability

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) graphs are only available when:

• IR was captured directly via LinFIR’s built-in sweep, or
• IR was imported from WAV with ‘dist’ metadata chunk (exported with “Include dist.” option in LinFIR)

Plain WAV files without ‘dist’ chunk or TXT files cannot produce THD curves.

Best Practices

For Captures

• Use proper gain staging to avoid clipping
• Monitor levels during sweep - aim for -6 dB to -12 dB peak
• Save captures with “Include dist.” for future THD analysis

For Windowing

• Use anechoic or quasi-anechoic measurements when possible
• Apply windowing before designing correction filters
• Check impulse response graphs to verify proper window placement
• Use Adaptive Window cautiously - verify bass response is realistic

For File Management

• Use descriptive IR names for organization
• Export with distortion metadata if you need THD analysis later
• Keep original unprocessed captures as backups
• Document measurement conditions (position, distance, etc.)

Quick Reference